Exercise Questions
Question 1. Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
| Column- I | Column-II |
| (i) Stomata | (a) Absorption of water |
| (ii) Xylem | (b) Transpiration |
| (iii) Root hairs | (c) Transport of food |
| (iv) Phloem | (d) Transport of water |
| (e) Synthesis of carbohydrates |
Solution 1.
| Column- I | Column-II |
| (i) Stomata | (b) Transpiration |
| (ii) Xylem | (d) Transport of water |
| (iii) Root hairs | (a) Absorption of water |
| (iv) Phloem | (c) Transport of food |
Question 2. Fill in the blanks.
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the _____________ .
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in _____________ cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of _____________ .
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called _____________.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is _____________.
(vi) Sweat contains water and _____________ .
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called _____________ .
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by _____________ .
Solution 2.
(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.
(ii) Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.
(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called the heartbeat.
(v) The main excretory product in human beings is urea.
(vi) Sweat contains water and salts.
(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.
(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by transpiration.
Question 3. Choose the correct option:
(a) In plants, water is transported through
(i) xylem
(ii) phloem
(iii) stomata
(iv) root hair
(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
(i) in the shade
(ii) in dim light
(iii) under the fan
(iv) covered with a polythene bag
Solution:
a) In plants, water is transported through
Ans. i) Xylem
b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants
Ans. iii) under the fan
Question 4. Why is the transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
Solution 4. To release energy through respiration both plants and animals need a regular supply of nutrients and oxygen which is why the transport of materials is necessary for both plants and animals. Transfer of materials provides energy to the body just like our body has a specialised transport system plants also have xylem and phloem to transport water and food throughout the plant.
Question 5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Solution 5. There will be immense blood loss in the absence of blood platelets because without blood platelets a clot will not form leading to unstoppable bleeding from the injury.
Question 6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Solution 6. The surface of the leaf of plants has tiny pores on it these tiny pores are known as stomata.
Functions of stomata
- Stomata help in the exchange of gases.
- Stomata evaporate water through leaves.
Question 7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? Explain.
Solution 7. Transpiration serves the following useful functions in plants:
- It prevents heat injury of plants by lowering plant temperature.
- It helps in transpiration which causes suction pull and helps plants to absorb water from roots.
- It also causes loss of water absorbed by plants.
Question 8. What are the components of blood?
Solution 8. The following are the components of blood:
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Question 9. Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
Solution 9. Blood is a very important part of the transport system in our body, and we need blood for the following reasons:
- Helps in the transport of oxygen to all parts of our body
- Helps in throwing out carbon dioxide from our body
- It regulates the body’s temperature by transmitting heat.
- It fights against infections and diseases.
Question 10. What makes the blood look red?
Solution 10. The blood looks red because of the presence of a red pigment called haemoglobin in red blood cells (RBC).
Question 11. Describe the function of the heart.
Solution: The heart transport oxygenated blood to the other parts of the body and purifies deoxygenated blood. There are four chambers of the heart namely the atrium and ventricles. The atrium is the upper two chambers of the heart. Ventricles are the lower two chambers of the heart. There is a partition between the chambers that helps to avoid mixing up oxygenated blood with the blood rich in carbon dioxide which is deoxygenated blood. The right atrium and ventricle receive Deoxygenated blood from all the other parts of the body then it is sent to the lungs for purification and then it is again sent to the left ventricle via the left atrium and then finally this purified blood is transferred to the whole body.
Question 12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Solution 12. Waste products are released after our cells perform their functions and these waste products are very toxic in nature hence they should be removed from the body.
Question 13. Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Solution 13.
