INTRODUCTION
The main feature of a living system is that it grows, sustains and reproduces itself. The most amazing thing about a living system is that it also comprises non-living atoms and molecules. The detailed knowledge of chemical reactions taking place within a living system falls in the domain of biochemistry. Living systems are composed of various complex biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. Proteins and carbohydrates are essential constituents of our food. These biomolecules interact with each other and constitute the molecular logic of life processes. In addition, some simple molecules like vitamins and mineral salts also play an important role in the functioning of the organisms.
Carbohydrates are mainly produced by plants and they form a very large group of naturally occurring organic compounds. Some common examples of carbohydrates are cane sugar, glucose, starch, etc. Most of them are characterized by the general formula, Cx (H2O)y, and were considered as hydrates of carbon from where the name carbohydrate was derived. For example, the molecular formula of glucose (C6H12O6) fits into this general formula, C6 (H2O)6.
Proteins are the most abundant biomolecules found in the living system. Major sources of proteins are milk, cheese, pulses, peanuts, fish, meat, etc. They are found in every part of the body and form the fundamental basis of the structure and functions of life. They are essentially required for the growth and maintenance of the body. The word protein is derived from the Greek word, “proteios” which means primary or of prime importance. All proteins are found to be polymers of α-amino acids.
CONTENT
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Enzymes
Vitamins
Nucleic Acids
Hormones
Class 12_chemistry chapter14 Biomolecules